Terms in this set (81) . the act of freeing slaves, done at the will of the owner. What happened to the Silk Road in Ming and Qin Dynasties? In India, the powerful merchant Virji Vora (c. 1590 c. the 1670s) held a monopoly over several goods, including certain spices. But as of yet, the fastest way to Asia was through the Mediterranean, which was monopolized by the Byzantines followed by the Ottomans. Term. Slaves Mita Encomienda. Because of internal conflict and lack of food, the Maya empire . issued by Alexander II. In the end his voyage was the first to circumnavigate the world. Created by. Labor systems grew and changed in response to the demand for labor and goods, Spanish settlers in the Caribbean set up the encomienda system, a form of forced labor, in which Spaniards demanded labor from conquered Native inhabitants, Favored Spanish immigrants to the New World forced Native Americans to work in mines, landed estates, and public works, Due to the brutality of this system, Spanish officials changed it to the repartimiento system, in which Natives were forced to provide labor for Spanish projects, but for a limited amount of time for which they were compensated, Ultimately this system was unsustainable, which led Europeans to develop the slave trade, Europeans adapted and expanded the African slave trade, using Africans to work in forced labor in the New World, By the 1500s, when Portugal began exploring the west coast of Africa, tribes had already been engaged in slave trade for hundreds of years, African tribes kidnapped members of other tribes and sold them into slavery to Europeans, who shipped them to the Americas on the deadly Middle Passage, Most slaves were sent to the Caribbean to replace other slaves who died under the brutal conditions; a comparably small amount of slaves was sent to North and South America, Slaves were put to work growing cash crops (sugar, tobacco, cotton, and coffee), the profits of which ultimately benefited European powers, Europeans then sold manufactured goods such as guns to African tribes offering slaves, and the trade began again, The collapse of major empires could lead European powers to establish hierarchical labor systems in which peasants were bound to provide labor, Following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Russia developed a system of serfdom to maintain the wealth of the small nobility and monarchy; serfs, or peasants, were forced to work on large estates, Serfs typically lived together in communes, which provided extended kin networks to help workers survive under harsh conditions, In 1649, the Russian government legally bound serfs to nobles and the tsar, or king. After their conquest of the Americas, Europeans established new economic systems across the region. The Atlantic Slave Trade sold slaves but when in Africa, Europeans struck and traded tons of gold. The Russian Serfdom was a system similar They would kidnap slaves and trade them to Europeans in exchange for wealth and guns, which made local rivalries far more violent. Despite some disruption and restructuring due to the arrival of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch merchants, existing trade networks in the Indian Ocean continued to flourish and included intra-Asian trade and Asian merchants. Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church, English Queen who ruled for 44 years and provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity, By the 1500's this was more of a union of territories. The Spanish, Portuguese, French, English, and Dutch had to find another route in order to remain competitive, so they invested in exploration. The demographic effects of the slave trade in Africa were unprecedented. The check software/printer, which is not password protected, is on the owner's desk in an office that contains company checks and is normally unlocked. Test. Unit 2: Networks of Exchange . What did Spain and Portugal still have control of? Spanish and it rewarded conquerors with New crops and livestock changed eating habits and largely increased the global population. Spanish. In AP World History: Modern, Unit 4 spans from 1450 CE to 1750 CE and accounts for 12-15% of the material on the exam. the ratification of the 13th Amendment, Chattel associat The Commercial Revolution was the expansion of trade and commerce across Europe. Unit: 1450 - 1750 Renaissance and Reformation. At the bottom was the largest class of peasants, many of whom sank into debt and were forced into serfdom. The Atlantic Slave Trade began immediately after the Portuguese arrived in Africa, but seriously expanded after Native American populations were decimated. slowly gave rise to hereditary slavery, which slave owners took . For example, gunpowder developed by the Chinese changed the method of conquest and made its way through South Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. So states began to practice mercantilist policies, which limited imports and maximized exports. Barton and Barton completed construction of the machine on January 1, 2016. Africans were kidnapped, often with the help of local rulers, and brought to the New World. Labor given annually to the state (or political and religious elites) for the construction and maintenance of roads, bridges, temples . Europeans introduced new systems of forced labor and slavery into the Americas to meet their labor needs and produce as cheaply as possible. In AP World History: Modern, Unit 4 spans from 1450 CE to 1750 CE and accounts for 12-15% of the material on the exam. What was different about American slavery was the brutality of the system. This kept more money in the bank at any given time. [2]to protect the rights of all people in the United States. As a result, practices of polygamy were more common. Coercive Labor Systems - slavery vs. other coercive labor system. A system instituted by Spain in which residents of Indian villages remained legally free and entitled to wages, but were still required to perform a fixed amount of labor each year; replaced the encomienda system in 1550. farmers paid in vouchers that could only be used at landowner's stores. When was this role/pur. Decline in the power of nomadic groups. Read through the entire project before you begin doing any work. State expansion and centralization led to resistance from an array of social, political, and economic groups on a local level. Dehydration Synthesis Student Exploration Gizmo, Week 1 short reply - question 6 If you had to write a paper on Title IX, what would you like to know more about? Spanish and Portuguese Empires. after they realized they were being exploited. The expansion of trade on a global scale expanded both the upper elite class and the lower labor class. Latisha has put a password in place that allows only the boss access to the file where pay rates are changed and personnel are added or deleted from the payroll. The technique of enhancing immunity by exposing patients to dried mucous taken from those already infected. 30 seconds. Japan initially welcomed Portuguese and Dutch traders and. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Jewish communities faced increased, Jews of Spanish descent that migrated to North Africa and the Middle East are referred to as Sephardic. Mining operations:Europeans also sought mineral wealth in the Americas. rounded up and shipped off to America and Their technological advancements caused them to emerge as a gunpowder empire with their hands on trade. Spanish settlers in the Caribbean set up the encomienda system, a form of forced labor, in which Spaniards demanded labor from conquered Native inhabitants. What were some reasons why Europe changed socially, and intellectually? How did new technology lead to changes in trade & travel? Encomienda. The Labor System was ran by 12the
Label this combination point B. Well skip *(desert, $\underline{{dessert}}$)* so we wont be late to the movie. coercive labor systems in unit 4 - (1450-1750) started during this period, partly because of the clear cut racial differences between africans and the europeans who bought them, slaves came to be viewed as a transferable product (chattel). the verb in parentheses. In present-day New Mexico, the entire Pueblo community rebelled against the Spanish for 10 days in 1680. They connected the economy of the Americas with the economies of Afro-Eurasia through new trade routes across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period 1450-1750. ShoeCrafter,Inc. AverageHiringCost,PerHire,ByCategory\textbf{Average Hiring Cost, Per Hire, By Category} In the Spanish and Portuguese colonies, things were different. The Printing Press. (1450-1750 CE) Mit'a Labor System. This continued into the 20th century. Slavery. The. The Mughals in India were open to trade with Europeans and the, The Spanish and Portuguese divided up the lands of the Americas before they even explored or conquered any of it. or when did it The French aligned with the Iroquois for protection and trading rights. If they could fast a quicker route to Asia, profits would balloon and religious ideologies would spread. His death effectively ended the Mughal Empire and the. In an effort to genocide Indigenous culture, Europeans were encouraged to procreate with the Indigenous and African communities. Although the encomienda was not officially abolished until the late 18th century, in September 1721 the conferment of new encomiendas in Spain's colonies was prohibited. associated with However, it was a process of trial and error, since labor systems saw many In the Americas, seven-year work contracts were common. . Over time, the Portuguese became more exploitative to expand their powers. Relying on overland trade was too slow and you couldnt bring all that many goods with you on a camels back. They increased with the rise in global demand for raw materials. Largely a kingdom of city-states that worked for mutual benefit, the Maya were able to build large temples, cities, and trade networks. That status was finally ended in 1827 and all the indentured obtained full freedom. Those who could not pay their debts in Europe were often forced into servitude in the Americas to pay back what they owed. The labor systems established during 1450-1750 were key factors in how they were able to do so. The days' sales in inventory ratio is calculated by dividing cost of goods sold by the average merchandise