Comparing the COVID-19 Vaccines: How Are They Different? - Yale Medicine But weve known for a while that the coronavirus responsible for COVID-19 gets into cells by attaching to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 receptors and that the disease can affect blood clotting, causing cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary problems. Investigators conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study of 225,556 patients who had their ABO blood group assessed between January 2007 and December 2019, and subsequently tested for SARS-CoV-2 between January 15 and June 30, 2020. Your use of this website constitutes acceptance of Haymarket Medias Privacy Policy and Terms & Conditions. Symptoms of long COVID. Muscle pain. 8 Potential Bivalent Vaccine Side Effects. You may have heard that blood type matters when it comes to contracting COVID-19. Since the formulation of this particular round of bivalent booster vaccines was made in a very similar process to earlier options, experts aren't expecting any new subsets of potential side effects to present this fall. FDA says Guillain-Barre syndrome is possible risk of Pfizer RSV vaccine associate medical director of infection prevention at UCI Health and a professor at the University of California, Irvine, posits an analogy that this bivalent vaccine is like a riff on a standard brownie recipe: "You're going to have almost the same ingredients, and bake it for the same time at the same temperature but this time, instead of just chocolate chips, you add dark chocolate, too," she tells Good Housekeeping. Can COVID-19 Cause Diabetes? Other countries have taken different approaches: in France the AstraZeneca jab is now only to be given to those aged 55 and over, while in Germany it is offered to those aged 60 and over. Type O individuals have anti-A and anti-B antibodies, while type A individuals only have one kind: anti-B antibodies. Conflict-of-interest disclosure: R.A.B. Regardless of if a specific blood type is associated with a greater risk of contracting COVID-19 and developing severe disease, keep in mind that many other factors, such as age or existing health conditions, are likely to play a larger, dominant role in determining personal risk from COVID-19. Pain can be managed with acetaminophen, like Tylenol, or ibuprofen, Litwack said. Of course, its not just as simple as saying that anyone with an O blood type has a lower risk of dying of COVID-19. The question of a possible relationship between blood type and disease risk has been a topic of active research since early in the pandemic. Information and statements regarding dietary supplements/products have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. "The other half is focused on the new sub-variants that have been causing nearly all the disease we've been seeing over the past few months.". While it's not a hard-and-fast rule, CDC officers have made recommendations to Americans to consider delaying receiving this bivalent booster vaccine at least three months from the date of your last COVID-19 infection. This suggests that postvaccination hemolysis is not mediated by the direct effect of the spike protein. Omicron vs. Delta: How the 2 COVID-19 Variants Compare, ShinglesHerpes ZosterInfection May Be Linked to the COVID-19 Vaccine. They have also been shown to be very good at lowering the risk of getting very sick, being hospitalized, or dying from COVID-19 if you are infected. "At the end of the day, we're still not sure if blood type makes a difference," said Dr. Russo. MF 8 a.m. 8 p.m. Novavax COVID-19 vaccine (Nuvaxovid): Data on side effects Those receiving a bivalent booster and notice side effects within a week of injection are recommended to do the following by CDC officials: Dr. Brown believes that this will not be the last time a new booster vaccine is offered to the American public in fact, experts are projecting that annual vaccines against the spread of COVID-19 may become commonplace soon. So far, most of the cases reported have occurred in women under 60 years of age within two weeks of vaccination. The reduction in risk appeared to be about 9 to 18 percent for people with an O blood type compared with other blood types, among which there was little difference in susceptibility. MIT Medical answers your COVID-19 questions. Researchers found inconsistent findings but did identify certain trends suggesting that blood type A might predispose one to increased susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), or that type O and Rh-negative blood groups might be protective. Always speak with your physician or other healthcare professional before taking any medication or nutritional, herbal, or homeopathic supplement, or using any treatment for a health problem. Patients were identified based on self-report of receiving the vaccine. What You Need to Know COVID-19 vaccine safety: Report on side effects following immunization The answer remains elusive but may be connected to how the virus attaches itself to your cells and how your genes influence the number and type of receptors on those cells, as well as to your overall risk of cardiovascular problems. What's your blood type? It may affect your risk for Covid-19 - NBC News Here's What You Need to Know, People With Food Allergies May Have Lower Risk of COVID-19 Infection, What To Do About a Lingering Cough After COVID, New Omicron Booster Side Effects: What to Expect From the Bivalent Vaccines. There have been multiple studies on blood types and COVID-19 risk. Reported side effects of COVID-19 vaccines have mostly been mild to moderate and have lasted no longer thana few days. If so, how can I get that information? Joint pain. Researchers think the clotting may be triggered by the high . And people with some blood disorders like sickle cell disease are resistant to malaria, added Dr. Adalja. In a study published back in March 2020, researchers in China found that blood group A was associated with a higher risk for acquiring COVID-19 compared with non-A blood groups, whereas blood group O was associated with a lower risk for the infection compared with non-O blood groups.2 This may be what prompted a slew of similar studies in other countries as COVID-19 spread. In large clinical trials, most side effects have been minor. All vaccines could cause some degree of reaction, and the same is true for COVID-19 vaccines. Swollen Lymph Nodes After COVID-19 Vaccines May Cause Mammogram Confusion. COVID-19 vaccine side effects Mild vaccine side effects are usually not a cause for concern, as the symptoms likely indicate the body is building protection against COVID-19. Instead, it seems that a specific variant in the ABO gene is associated with lower risk. Blood type O seems to have the lowest risk. Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. These cases have been mild and self-resolving. Blood 2021; 137 (26): 36703673. The researchers did find evidence suggesting a relationship between blood type and COVID-19 risk. Adverse reactions appear time-limited and can be managed with supportive care and transfusions as needed. - And More, Close more info about Type O and Rh-Negative Blood Type Protective Against COVID-19, Reproductive Organ Infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Association between ABO and Rh blood groups and SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe COVID-19 illness. And while some people develop more severe forms of COVID-19, others develop mild or no symptoms. What Does COVID Do to Your Blood? | Johns Hopkins Medicine Even Mild COVID-19 Infections Increase Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Research Shows, Journal of the American Medical Association, CDC guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19. He experienced fatigue and darkening of his urine following his first dose of the Moderna vaccine. Recent research is suggesting that your blood type may affect your risk of getting COVID-19 and could influence the severity of the disease. However, the results have been inconsistent and so the connection between COVID-19 and different blood types still isn't clear. The pancreas that's at risk of Type 2 diabetes isn . These include: chills fatigue fever. A protein called the Rh factor can also be present (+) or absent (-) from the blood. The O- blood group had a 2.1% chance of getting SARS-CoV-2 infection (95% CI, 1.8-2.3%), the lowest unadjusted probability of all blood groups. The most common symptoms of long COVID are: extreme tiredness (fatigue) shortness of breath. But recently, the genetics company 23andMe revealed preliminary data from their own study showing that a persons blood type, which is determined by the ABO gene, appears to affect susceptibility to coronavirus. Researchers found no link between blood type and COVID-19 risk, adding that more research was needed on the topic. The clots may also form in multiple places in the body, including in the lungs. One study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) in April of 2021, reviewed nearly 108,000 COVID-19 cases. According to Public Health England, most side-effects from two Covid vaccines - Pfizer/BioNTech and Oxford/AstraZeneca - are mild and short-lived. muscle pain . Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines - WHO | World Health Organization Large study of COVID vaccine side effects in Sweden - News-Medical.net There have been multiple studies on blood types and COVID-19 risk. "People with type O blood may be more susceptible to norovirus," said infectious disease expert Amesh A. Adalja, MD, senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. He had an 1 g/dL hemoglobin decrease on laboratory tests 3 days following his first vaccination. Patient 3 is a 32-year-old woman with a 10-year history of PNH on ravulizumab with her last dose 4 weeks prior to vaccination. In addition to the lungs, blood clots, including those associated with COVID-19, can also harm: The nervous system. The sore arm can be either due to the trauma of the needle in the muscle, or local inflammation in the muscle probably because of the chemicals in the injection, said Prof Robert Read, head of clinical and experimental sciences within medicine at the University of Southampton and director of the National Institute of Health Researchs Southampton Biomedical Research Centre. Together, Drs. This single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a T at the rs505922 location on the gene. However, they did not find strong evidence for a relationship between blood group and risk of intubation or death. Since those studies, a fair amount of research has been conducted on blood type and COVID-19 risk. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lists risk factors that have been identified for developing severe COVID-19, and blood type does not appear. Blood type has been identified as a risk factor in many diseases, from cancer to venous and arterial thromboembolism. Instead, being armed with greater knowledge about your blood type could provide extra incentive to be cautious and build your immune system. Five days after receiving the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, he developed abdominal pain leading to evaluation in an emergency department. We postulate that strong complement amplification as a byproduct of the inflammatory response is responsible for the clinically observed hemolysis, as has been reported with other vaccines, infections, and surgeries. What are the Covid-19 vaccine side effects for women? - Quartz Both of these studies were posted to the MedRxiv website, where researchers share preliminary, unpublished data, before it has undergone peer review. Headaches. If you have or suspect that you have a medical problem, contact your healthcare provider promptly. Still, a link between blood type and severity of diseases is not unheard of.. The first hint of a possible relationship came in March, from researchers in China, who compared nearly 2,200 hospitalized COVID-19 patients to a control group of approximately 27,000 healthy individuals. Download Some of the potential side effects of a vaccine - fever, chills, headache and fatigue - can seem very similar to the symptoms of the illness it's meant to prevent. What science is saying about blood type and COVID-19 - Body Ecology Copyright 2023 Haymarket Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. No change is recommended in COVID-19 vaccination practice. designed research, analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript; and all authors reviewed the manuscript and approved the final version. 14% had at least one whole-body (systemic) after-effect - such as fever, aches or chills - within seven days of the first dose, rising to about 22% after the second dose These after-effects get. Those two factors make up the eight most common blood types: A+, A-, B+, B-, O+, O-, AB+, and AB-. Steam Room vs. Sauna: Which Is Better for You? "This is a similar process that we go through with our annual influenza vaccination.". Your friend sits next to the person infected. When side effects occur, they typically last just a few days. Here's a list of the side effects to the COVID-19 vaccine, plus information on how experts track side effects and what reports of serious side effects mean. However, for the Pfizer jab the reverse appears to be true. You may know that blood type A individuals can't donate blood to people with type B blood. All in all, more than 1 million people were involved. The AstraZeneca and J&J jabs are based on a similar technology. Some of the blood clots were an unusual type of blood clot in blood vessels that drain blood from the brain called a cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). The Food and Drug Administration sees a possible risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome with Pfizer 's RSV vaccine for older adults and has asked the company to conduct a safety study if the shot is . For blood types O and B, the average stay was nine days. Sherrill Brown, M.D., medical director of infection prevention for AltaMed Health Services, indicates that current side effect notices published by the FDA sourced data from both Pfizer and Moderna's separate clinical trials for the earlier BA. The work described baseline rates of the AESIs . The O- blood group also seemed protective, with an aRR of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.66-0.83) and an ARD of -8.2 per 1,000 (95% CI, -10.8 to -5.3). Although the chance of any person receiving the vaccine experiencing a blood clot with low platelets is extremely small, because the risk of severe Covid in the under-30s with no underlying illness is also small, JCVI feel as a precautionary measure it is appropriate for those in this age group to be offered an alternative Covid vaccine when their turn comes for their first dose of a vaccine, said Prof Anthony Harnden, deputy chair of the JCVI. Common Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine side effects may include: fever, chills; redness or a hardness and swelling where the shot was given; swelling or tenderness under your arm; nausea, vomiting; feeling tired; or. Blurred vision, nausea and vomiting, difficulty with speech, weakness, drowsiness or seizures New unexplained pin-prick bruising or bleeding Shortness of breath, chest pain, leg swelling or. Side effects in adults 60+ after Johnson & Johnson vaccine Pain at injection site (33.3%) Some research findings have suggested that people with blood types A and AB are more susceptible to contracting. Some data suggests this may be the case. Both federal health officials and leading virologists polled by Good Housekeeping for this article suggest that you should expect similar side effects this time around if you experienced them after earlier vaccinations. Donnas note: Personally, I think these cautions are incomplete. The question researchers are trying to answer is why blood type matters. Side effects after getting a COVID-19 vaccine can vary from person to person. Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine is available under EUA to prevent COVID-19 in individuals 18 years of age and older for whom other FDA-authorized or approved COVID-19 vaccines are not accessible or . Blood clots in the arteries leading to the brain can cause a stroke. Ray JG, Schull MJ, Vermuelen MJ, Park A. Why women are bearing the brunt of COVID-19 vaccine side effects Information on this website is provided for informational purposes only and is a result of years of practice and experience by the author. In addition, the risk of needing intubation was decreased among A and increased among AB and B types, compared with type O. Neither Donna Gates nor Body Ecology, Inc., nor the publisher of this content takes responsibility for possible health consequences of any person or persons reading or following the information in this educational content. The aRR for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the O blood group was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.92) vs all other blood groups, and the ARD was -3.9 per 1,000 (95% CI, -5.4 to -2.5). Thank you for submitting a comment on this article. The analysis turned up gene variants in two regions of the human genome that were associated with severe illness and greater risk of COVID-19-related death. Comparatively, the highest unadjusted probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection was in the B+ blood group (4.2%; 95% CI, 4.0-4.5%). Possible side effects: The side effects are similar to Pfizer-BioNTech's vaccine: Pain, redness, or swelling at the site where the shot was administeredand/or tiredness, headache, muscle pain, chills, fever, or nausea throughout the rest of the body. Uncommon side-effects include having swollen lymph nodes. On the evening after his first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, he experienced fever, headache, myalgia, and severe fatigue, which lasted 6 days. Hemolysis is not increased with addition of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 to PNH erythrocytes. The side effects of the three COVID-19 vaccines approved by the FDA for temporary use (Pfizer, Moderna and . "The side effects that we see occur early on and that's it," Goepfert said. In addition, his total bilirubin rose to 7.1 mg/dL from baseline 2.4 mg/dL. Vaccine side effects show up within weeks if at all. At this point in time, there does not appear to be any relationship between blood type and COVID-19related severity of illness or mortality.". But for young adults that equation, at least at present, is less clearcut. However, according to the data, a tiny. 25 Carleton Street If any of these side effects occur, they should go away in a few days. Remember that 70 percent of your immune system is determined by the microbiome in your gut.8 At Body Ecology, we promote the use of certain (but not all) fermented foods to not only nourish you but to nourish your gut and immune system as well. Type O and Rh-Negative Blood Type Protective Against COVID-19 It may also offer a little more peace of mind if youre exposed or do get infected. Omicron-specific Covid booster shot side effects: What to expect What Is 'Covid Arm,' A Side Effect From Covid-19 - Forbes One of the most unusual and serious side-effects of the COVID-19 vaccine jab, which has been reported from various corners is Blood clotting. Your friend would have a worse case of COVID-19 because they were infected with more virus. "Most side effects are mild or moderate and . Thanks for visiting Infectious Disease Advisor. In patients with PNH on complement inhibition, strong complement-amplifying conditions such as infection, surgery, or pregnancy may trigger pharmacodynamic breakthrough (as previously defined by Risitano et al).12 Complement-amplifying conditions lead to C3b accumulation on the cell surface; at high densities of C3b, C5 can assume a conformational change, disrupting the ability of eculizumab to inhibit terminal complement.13,14 Hemolysis following COVID-19 vaccination, which occurred in 3 patients on ravulizumab, suggests pharmacodynamic breakthrough. Contribution: G.F.G. Data are shown as mean standard error of the mean of duplicate wells. Scientists have readily admitted that this particular batch of bivalent vaccines, targeted towards BA.4 and BA.5 sub-Omicron variants, have yet to be studied in humans officially. They noted that this area also includes a genetic variant associated with increased levels of interleukin-6, which plays a role in inflammation and may have implications for COVID-19 as well. The media is not telling us to strengthen our immune systems or provide us with information on how to do this. Some people have been re-infected multiple times with the virus, while others appear to have avoided the virus entirely. This is an excellent probiotic, I drink it daily. Those with A or AB type blood also tended to stay longer in the hospitals intensive care units (ICU). Do not disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking professional advice because of something you have read on this website. Virologists and vaccine experts explore what we know below. "Some evidence shows the severity of the infection is associated with different blood cell types, but the mechanisms by which it happens are unclear," says Dr. Anderson. Diet is also key, and as you are probably well aware of by now if youve been following me a healthy microbiome is a must. Yet these risks are relative, meaning people with type O blood are not immune to COVID-19. I have read that it is important that a large percentage of people get the vaccine. A 2012 meta-analysis found that having a non-O blood type was among the most important genetic risk factors for venous thromboembolism.5. Vaccine side effects: My experience of them and what they mean - BBC News Researchers looked at health data from more than 14,000 patients with COVID-19 and found a slightly increased infection prevalence among non-O types. You might run a fever and experience body aches, headaches and tiredness for a day or two. With more research, we may one day have a clearer understanding of the connection between COVID-19 and different blood types. loss of smell. should be listed as a very rare side-effect of the vaccine, adults under the age of 30 should be offered alternative Covid vaccines, under way into the Johnson & Johnson (J&J) Covid jab. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. "There's a fairly decent amount of existing literature beyond SARS-CoV-2" that certain blood types can play a role in disease risk and severity, says Joel Ray, M.D., a clinician scientist and professor at St. Michael's . Lexington, MA 02421. In populations at high-risk for exposure, such as healthcare workers, essential workers, and people exposed to a known case of the disease, the O blood type had an even greater protective effect. Chills,. We have seen that older people are getting much milder side-effects. Read said that for some people the process was without symptoms, but for others it generated these common side-effects. Redness and swelling at the . Sat, Sun 10 a.m. 4 p.m. How does the COVID-19 vaccine affect type 2 diabetes - Medical News Today This variant is associated with a 12-percent reduced odds ratio of testing positive for COVID-19.1. It was through these findings, that the Danish researchers suggested: "That blood group O is significantly associated with reduced susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.". Similar disease flares may be anticipated in other complement-mediated disorders, such as complement-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome, cold agglutinin disease, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, and HELLP syndrome.17 As SARS-CoV-2 leads to a severe inflammatory state, the benefits of vaccinating patients with PNH likely outweigh the risks; however, clinicians and patients should be aware of this serious adverse effect, and patients should be educated to report any symptoms postvaccination. "I encourage people who have had COVID once, or even multiple times to still seek out vaccination, as it's going to really optimize the level of protection that you have against getting COVID yet again this fall and winter," he advises. In rare cases, coronavirus vaccines may cause Long Covid - Science COVID-19 Vaccines in People with Cancer - American Cancer Society These usually last from a few hours to a few days after vaccination. Similarly, type B individuals only have anti-A antibodies. Although many vaccines can lead to hemolysis and thrombosis in PNH, this effect is mitigated in most patients on complement inhibitors. Those symptoms are similar in all vaccines, but in the two-dose vaccines, they are more common after the second shot. Does your blood type affect COVID vaccine side effects? Side effects of the coronavirus vaccines | NHS inform Post-vaccine symptoms are typically mild and resolve quickly without the need to use any medication. Laboratory tests 1 week later, as symptoms were resolving, showed >4 g/dL hemoglobin decrease from his baseline. Or, they suggest, perhaps the genes associated with blood type also have some effect on the ACE2 receptor, the protein that allows the SARS-CoV-2 virus to infect human cells. She presented to a local hospital, where she was noted to have a 3 g/dL hemoglobin decrease and received 2 units of packed red blood cells. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has updated masking guidelines since this was written. However, as the situation surrounding COVID-19 continues to evolve, it's possible that some data have changed since publication. These studies are fascinating from a scientific perspective, but at this point, they have no practical implications for the way we live our lives and the precautions we should be taking to protect others and ourselves. Addition of 40% aNHS with various concentrations of the spike protein to type O-positive erythrocytes from a patient with PNH (49% PNH red blood cell clone: 25% type III and 24% type II cells) and type O-positive erythrocytes from a healthy control, incubated at 37C for 1 hour. But, overall, the link between blood type, genes, and infection risk is a growing area of research. But . - Case Studies Your blood type may also affect how severe the progression of COVID-19 will be. designed and performed research; J.Y., B.A.Y.C., E.M.B., and S.C. interpreted results and edited the paper; R.A.B. However, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) recently published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is both consistent with, and potentially explains, these earlier results. People with the O blood type (whether O positive or O negative) had a lower incidence of COVID-19 positive tests.